ABSTRACT
The technological solutions adopted during the current pandemic will have a lasting impact on our societies. Currently, COVID-19 health status certificates are being deployed around the world, including in Europe, the United States and China. When combined with identity verification, these digital and paper-based certificates allow individuals to prove their health status by showing recent COVID-19 tests results, full vaccination records or evidence of recovery from COVID-19. Most countries in the Global South, where vaccination rates are low, have not yet fully implemented such certificates, although several initiatives are currently underway. That is, for instance, the case in the African Union. Yet, it is not sufficient to develop technical solutions for the verification of COVID-19 health status. Because technologies do not evolve in a legal vacuum, the existing laws and regulations must be respected. The risks of implementing such technologies must be anticipated and mitigated as much as possible before any large-scale deployment. Risk mitigation should also underpin strategies throughout the deployment of these certificates. This article evaluates the key legal implications of COVID-19 health status certificates for data privacy and human rights. In doing so, it contributes to the current debates, thus informing policymakers in this area of vital national and international interest.
ABSTRACT
The article aims to cast light on how digital governance tools, such as proofs of vaccination, would impact European freedoms during unstable Covid-19 times. Considering the EU approach to proofs of vaccinations, the e-Health network established trust framework and EU proposal for the "Digital Green Certificate"("DGC"), the article scrutinizes some of already implemented proof of vaccination solutions in the EU. The analysis investigates whether and to what extent this initiative would be adequate to cope with the manifold challenges in managing Covid-19 pandemic. While digital governance tools can significantly improve crisis management, such tools can also affect the rights and freedoms of individuals and communities by exasperating already existing social, political, and economic inequalities. By taking an in-depth look at the existing proof of vaccination solutions in the EU, the article sheds light on how the same digital government proposed solution, the DGC, affect individuals and communities. © 2021 ACM.